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Montreal Protocol

A Restricted Climate Super Pollutant Is Pumped Out at Far Higher Levels Than Countries Admit. What Happens Next?

HFC-23 emissions from chemical plants in eastern China and elsewhere likely violate an international climate agreement despite readily available pollution controls. Advocates are pressing for action.

By Phil McKenna, Lili Pike

A chemical plant in Jiujiang, China. Chemical plants in eastern China, including one in Jiujiang, are likely the primary source of 40 percent of the world’s trifluoromethane (HFC-23) emissions. Credit: Feature China/Future Publishing via Getty Images
Former Secretary of State John Kerry and Chinese Deputy Minister of Environmental Protection Zhai Qing arrive for a bilateral meeting on the sidelines of the 28th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Kigali on October 14, 2016. Credit: Cyril Ndegeya/AFP via Getty Images

Is China Emitting a Climate Super Pollutant in Violation of an International Environmental Agreement?

By Phil McKenna, Peter Aldhous

A person walks among refrigerators on display at a Lowe's Home Improvement store on June 27, 2022 in Miami, Florida. Credit: Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Senate Votes to Ratify the Kigali Amendment, Joining 137 Nations in an Effort to Curb Global Warming

By Phil McKenna

An aerial photo taken on Sept. 12, 2021 shows a chemical factory being dismantled and relocated along the Grand Canal in Huai 'an City, East China's Jiangsu Province. Credit: He Jinghua / Costfoto/Barcroft Media via Getty Images

China Moves to Freeze Production of Climate Super-Pollutants But Lacks a System to Monitor Emissions

By Phil McKenna

Air conditioning units on the exterior of a residential apartment building in Barcelona, Spain, on Thursday, July 29, 2021. Credit: Angel Garcia/Bloomberg via Getty Images

EPA Targets Potent Greenhouse Gases, Bringing US Into Compliance With the Kigali Amendment

By Phil McKenna

An aerial photo taken on Sept. 12, 2021 shows a chemical factory being dismantled and relocated along the Grand Canal in Huai 'an City, East China's Jiangsu Province. Credit: He Jinghua/Costfoto/Barcroft Media via Getty Images

China Just Entered a Major International Climate Agreement. Now Comes the Hard Part

By Phil McKenna, Lili Pike

The slogan "For the planet" is projected on the Eiffel Tower as part of the World Climate Change Conference 2015 (COP21) on Dec. 11, 2015 in Paris, France. Credit: Chesnot/Getty Images

Why the Paris Climate Agreement Might be Doomed to Fail

By Nicholas Kusnetz

The ozone hole in 1979 and 2008. It's expected to decades longer to fully heal. Credit: NASA

Scientists Track a Banned Climate Pollutant's Mysterious Rise to Eastern China

By Phil McKenna

Air-conditioners. Credit: Ken Fung/CC-BY-SA-2.0

This Is One International Climate Agreement Trump Supports

By Nicholas Kusnetz

Air conditioning chemicals are big contributors to global warming

Climate-Friendlier Air Conditioning Chemicals Proving Hard to Find

By Zahra Hirji

China, India Opposed To Closing $5 Billion Loophole in Kyoto Treaty

By Dave Levitan

Maldives to Phase Out HCFCs, Super Greenhouse Gases, 10 Years Early

By Kunda Dixit

EPA Moves to Replace Super Greenhouse Gases in Appliances

By Dave Levitan

Coke Ices Use of 'Super Greenhouse Gases'

By Amy Westervelt

Failure of 'Super Greenhouse Gas' Deal Raises Stakes in Copenhagen

By David Sassoon

While Politicians Debate HFCs Phase-Down, Companies Innovate

By Elizabeth Grossman

International Opportunism Thwarting Rescue of Island Nations from Rising Seas

By David Sassoon

Global Deal on Climate-Warming HFCs Hinges on Secret White House Policy

By David Sassoon

State Department Climate Move Hits Snag at White House

By David Sassoon

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